Cymbals

Cymbals are percussion instruments consisting of circular metal plates that produce sound when struck. They are used individually or in pairs and come in a variety of sizes and thicknesses. They can be played by clashing two cymbals together, by striking with sticks, or by using a pedal-operated hi-hat mechanism.

The most common types in modern music are hi-hats, crash, ride, splash, and china cymbals. Hi-hats are two small cymbals mounted on a stand, played with sticks or with a foot pedal. A ride is larger and provides a steady ping with wash; crashes are explosive accents; splashes are small quick hits; china cymbals have a trashy, explosive sound.

Materials and manufacturing: Bronze alloys dominate; B20 bronze (80% copper, 20% tin) and B8 bronze (92% copper, 8% tin) are standard, while other alloys include brass for cheaper models. Cymbals are usually cast from ingots or rolled from sheet bronze, then heated and hammered to shape. They are often lathed on one or both sides to create the outer surface; finishing and hammering patterns affect tone. Larger diameters generally produce a lower pitch and longer sustain; thicker cymbals are louder and have shorter sustain, while thinner ones are more responsive but less durable.

Playing and use: In drum kits, cymbals provide timekeeping and punctuation with hi-hats and rides, and accents with crashes. In orchestral and concert settings, they add color and emphasis; in jazz, subtler rides and lighter crashes are common.

Care and maintenance: Clean cymbals with a soft cloth, avoid harsh cleaners or prolonged exposure to moisture, and store them properly to prevent warping. Inspect for cracks and replace damaged pieces as needed.