Cyclothyme

Cyclothyme refers to a pattern of mood swings that is less severe than bipolar disorder. Individuals experiencing cyclothymia exhibit periods of hypomania, which are elevated moods that are not as extreme as full manic episodes, alternating with periods of mild depression. These mood fluctuations are chronic, meaning they occur over a significant period, typically at least two years in adults and one year in children and adolescents. During hypomanic phases, people may experience increased energy, reduced need for sleep, racing thoughts, and increased talkativeness. Conversely, depressive phases involve feelings of sadness, fatigue, and a lack of interest in activities. The symptoms of cyclothymia do not reach the diagnostic criteria for bipolar I or bipolar II disorder, and they do not cause significant impairment in social or occupational functioning to the same extent. The exact cause of cyclothymia is not fully understood, but genetic and biological factors are believed to play a role. Treatment often involves psychotherapy and, in some cases, medication to help manage mood stability.