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CstF50

CstF50, also referred to as the 50 kilodalton subunit of the cleavage stimulation factor (CstF), is a component of the multi-subunit complex responsible for the 3' end processing of pre-mRNA in eukaryotes. In humans and other vertebrates it forms a trimer with the 64 kDa subunit (CstF64) and the 77 kDa subunit (CstF77) and functions coordinately with other polyadenylation factors to promote cleavage and subsequent polyadenylation of transcripts.

The CstF complex binds to downstream sequence elements rich in guanine and uracil, which are located after

The CSTF1 gene encodes the human CstF50 subunit, and the protein is predominantly localized to the nucleus

the
polyadenylation
signal.
CstF50
contributes
to
the
recognition
of
these
downstream
elements
and
works
together
with
CstF64
and
CstF77
to
stimulate
endonucleolytic
cleavage
and
the
addition
of
the
poly(A)
tail.
The
activity
of
CstF50
is
integrated
with
other
cleavage
factors,
such
as
CPSF,
to
define
cleavage
sites
and
regulate
polyadenylation
efficiency
and
site
choice,
including
alternative
polyadenylation
in
different
tissues
or
developmental
stages.
where
transcription
and
RNA
processing
occur.
CstF50
interacts
with
other
CSTF
subunits
and
with
components
of
the
polyadenylation
machinery,
reflecting
its
central
role
in
pre-mRNA
3'
end
processing.
Alterations
in
CstF50
levels
or
function
can
impact
polyadenylation
efficiency
and
site
selection,
contributing
to
widespread
effects
on
mRNA
maturation
and
gene
expression
in
development
and
disease.