Cosmoseradiatsioon

Cosmoseradiatsioon, also known as cosmic radiation or cosmic rays, refers to ionizing radiation originating from outer space. This radiation consists of high-energy particles, primarily atomic nuclei and electrons, that travel at nearly the speed of light. The majority of these particles are protons, with smaller amounts of helium nuclei (alpha particles) and other heavier elements.

Cosmic rays originate from a variety of astrophysical sources. A significant portion, known as galactic cosmic rays, originates from outside our solar system, likely from supernova remnants and other energetic events in the Milky Way galaxy. A smaller component, solar energetic particles, originates from the Sun, particularly during solar flares and coronal mass ejections.

When cosmic rays enter Earth's atmosphere, they collide with air molecules, creating a cascade of secondary particles. These secondary particles, including muons, neutrons, and pions, are what most commonly reach the Earth's surface. The intensity of cosmic radiation varies depending on factors such as altitude, latitude, and solar activity. It is stronger at higher altitudes and at the Earth's magnetic poles.

Exposure to cosmic radiation is a concern for astronauts in space and for frequent flyers, as it can increase the risk of certain health problems, including cancer. On Earth, the atmosphere and Earth's magnetic field provide significant shielding from the most harmful effects of cosmic rays.