Corrosives

Corrosives are substances that destroy or modify materials through chemical action. They can damage metals, tissues, and other substances, and may be liquids, gases, or solids. Common corrosives include strong acids and bases, oxidizers, and dehydrating agents. Hazards depend on concentration, form, and exposure route.

Examples include sulfuric and hydrochloric acids; sodium hydroxide; oxidizers such as nitrates and chlorates; and concentrated sulfuric acid as a dehydrating agent. Some products are mixtures with variable corrosivity. Corrosive action is often enhanced by heat or moisture.

Hazards include severe skin and eye burns, respiratory irritation from vapors, and potential for dangerous reactions with water, organics, or incompatible chemicals. Corrosives can quickly corrode containers and equipment, and some release toxic gases when mixed.

Handling and storage should use appropriate PPE and engineering controls in well-ventilated areas. Store in corrosion-resistant containers, segregated by hazard class and away from heat and incompatible substances. Follow labeling and safety data sheet guidance. First aid includes rinsing exposed skin or eyes with water for at least 15 minutes, removing contaminated clothing, and seeking medical attention. For spills, contain, prevent spread, and neutralize or dispose according to regulations.

Environmental and regulatory aspects: improper releases can harm water and soil. Disposal and neutralization must comply with local rules, and many jurisdictions require hazard communication, labeling, and documentation for transport and use.

Applications: used in metal processing, chemical manufacturing, cleaning, etching, battery electrolytes, and laboratory work. The term covers many chemicals with varying degrees of hazard, underscoring the need for careful risk assessment.