Cornagem

Cornagem refers to a condition in livestock, particularly cattle, characterized by excessive accumulation of gas in the rumen, the first compartment of the stomach. This distension can be so severe that it presses on the diaphragm and lungs, potentially leading to respiratory distress and, if untreated, death. There are two main types of cornagem: free-gas bloat and frothy bloat. Free-gas bloat typically occurs when an obstruction, such as a blockage in the esophagus or a foreign object, prevents the animal from belching gas. Frothy bloat is more common and arises from the formation of stable foam within the rumen. This foam traps the gases produced by microbial fermentation of feed, preventing their release. Factors contributing to frothy bloat include sudden dietary changes, especially the introduction of lush, rapidly fermentable forages like legumes (alfalfa, clover) or grains, which can alter the rumen environment and promote foam production. Symptoms include abdominal distension, particularly on the left side, discomfort, difficulty breathing, and a decreased appetite. Diagnosis often involves physical examination and palpation of the rumen. Treatment for mild cases may involve dietary adjustments or oral drenching with anti-foaming agents. Severe cases require immediate intervention, often involving the insertion of a stomach tube to relieve pressure or, in critical situations, a rumenotomy, which is a surgical incision into the rumen to release the gas. Prevention strategies focus on managing diet to avoid sudden changes and introducing lush forages gradually.