Conducted

Conducted is the past tense and past participle of the verb conduct. It has several core uses in English. In the sense of directing or guiding, it describes actions by a person who leads a group, event, or process: a manager conducted the meeting; a maestro conducted the orchestra. In research and inquiry, conducted indicates that a survey, experiment, interview, or study was carried out: the study was conducted over six months. In music, a conductor directs a performance of an ensemble, and a conducted tour refers to a guided visit led by a guide. As an adjective, conducted can describe a guided activity: a conducted tour, or a test conducted under controlled conditions.

In science and engineering, to conduct means to allow the flow of something, especially electricity or heat. A material that permits such flow is described as conductive, and past-tense usage can say the material conducted electricity: the sample conducted electricity readily. The present participle conducting is used for ongoing processes, while conducted marks completed actions or states. Common phrases include conduct a survey, conduct research, conduct an experiment, or be conducted by someone or something.

Origin and related terms: conducted comes from Latin conducere, meaning to bring together or lead. The word has yielded related forms such as conductor, conduction, conductivity, and misconduct, the latter forming a negative counterpart to conduct.