Compostatge

Compostatge is the natural biological process of decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms under controlled aerobic conditions. It is a sustainable method for recycling organic waste materials into a valuable soil amendment known as compost. This process breaks down materials such as food scraps, yard waste, and agricultural residues into a nutrient-rich humus that can improve soil structure, water retention, and fertility.

The key to successful compostatge lies in maintaining an optimal balance of four essential components: carbon-rich materials (browns), nitrogen-rich materials (greens), oxygen, and moisture. Carbon sources typically include dried leaves, straw, and shredded paper, while nitrogen sources are usually fresh grass clippings, vegetable scraps, and coffee grounds. Aeration is crucial to prevent anaerobic conditions, which can lead to foul odors and slower decomposition. Moisture levels should be similar to a wrung-out sponge.

Various methods of compostatge exist, ranging from simple backyard piles to sophisticated industrial facilities. Home composting can be done in bins, tumblers, or open piles, allowing individuals to reduce their household waste and generate compost for gardens. Larger-scale composting operations are employed by municipalities and agricultural businesses to manage significant volumes of organic waste, diverting it from landfills and producing compost for wider distribution. The resulting compost is a dark, earthy-smelling material that enhances soil health and promotes plant growth without the need for synthetic fertilizers.