Commercials

A commercial is a paid promotional message used to advertise products, services, or ideas. In broadcasting and online media, commercials are distributed within or alongside content to reach audiences. They are primarily distinguished from public-service announcements by their sponsorship and intent to sell or persuade.

Commercials originated with early radio and cinema advertising and expanded with television in the mid-20th century. With the rise of the internet, formats diversified to online video ads, pre-rolls, mid-rolls, banner ads, sponsored content, and product placements. Streaming platforms also use ad breaks tailored to user behavior and content.

Creating a commercial typically involves research, scripting, storyboarding, production, and post-production, followed by testing and compliance review. Common lengths are 15, 30, and 60 seconds for traditional broadcast; online ads may be shorter. Advertising agencies, brands, and media buyers coordinate to optimize reach and frequency, balancing creative impact with targeting and cost.

Advertising is regulated by laws and industry standards to prevent false or misleading claims. Regulations may require substantiation, disclosures for endorsements, and restrictions on certain claims or content for children or health products. Compliance bodies and self-regulatory programs oversee ads in many jurisdictions, with penalties for deceptive practices and misrepresentation.

Commercials are a primary revenue source for many media outlets and digital platforms. Pricing depends on audience reach, targeting, and placement chosen by advertisers. Effectiveness is measured using ratings, impressions, click-through rates, and conversions. Technological advances have increased targeting capabilities while raising concerns about ad fraud and user disruption.