Colombiano

Colombiano (masculine) or colombiana (feminine) is the Spanish demonym for people from the Republic of Colombia, and the adjective describing things related to the country. In English, the term is usually rendered as Colombian.

Geography and demographics: Colombia is a unitary republic located in the northwest of South America. It borders Venezuela to the east, Brazil to the southeast, Peru and Ecuador to the south, and Panama to the northwest; it has coastlines on the Caribbean Sea to the north and the Pacific Ocean to the west. The capital and largest city is Bogotá. The country covers about 1.14 million square kilometers and has a population around 50 million. Colombia features diverse landscapes, including the Andes, the Amazon basin, tropical plains, and extensive coastlines, contributing to its status as one of the world’s megadiverse countries.

Language and people: The official language is Spanish. Colombia is home to numerous Indigenous, Afro-Colombian, and mixed communities, with many local languages and cultures preserved alongside Spanish. Colombian identity is shaped by regional traditions, urban diversity, and a history of cultural exchange.

History and politics: Indigenous cultures inhabited the region before Spanish colonization. Colombia gained independence from Spain in the early 19th century, and the present constitutional framework dates to 1991. It is a presidential republic with 32 departments and a capital district.

Economy and culture: The economy is diversified, with key sectors including petroleum, coal, coffee, flowers, and emeralds, plus agriculture and services. Colombian culture is noted for music such as cumbia and vallenato, literature including Nobel laureate Gabriel García Márquez, football, and cuisine featuring arepas, bandeja paisa, and coffee.