Colectomía

Colectomía refers to the surgical removal of all or part of the colon. It is a procedure performed for various medical reasons, including the treatment of colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, diverticulitis, and severe constipation. The extent of the colectomy depends on the condition being treated, ranging from a partial colectomy (removing only a section of the colon) to a total colectomy (removing the entire colon).

There are different surgical approaches for colectomy, including open surgery, where a large incision is made in the abdomen, and minimally invasive techniques such as laparoscopic or robotic surgery, which involve smaller incisions and specialized instruments. The choice of approach is often determined by the patient's specific condition, overall health, and the surgeon's expertise.

Following a colectomy, the remaining ends of the intestine are typically reconnected, a process known as anastomosis. In some cases, especially when a complete healing of the anastomosis is not immediately possible or safe, a temporary or permanent colostomy or ileostomy may be necessary. This involves creating an opening in the abdominal wall through which waste is diverted into a collection bag. Recovery time varies depending on the type of surgery and the individual patient's health. Potential risks associated with colectomy include infection, bleeding, blood clots, and leakage at the anastomosis site.