Coenobitidae

Coenobitidae is a family of terrestrial hermit crabs. These fascinating crustaceans are characterized by their need to inhabit empty mollusk shells for protection, particularly during their juvenile stages. As they grow, they must find larger shells to accommodate their increasing size. While most hermit crabs are aquatic, the Coenobitidae family is notable for its primarily terrestrial lifestyle, though they still require access to water, usually saltwater, for respiration and reproduction.

The most well-known member of this family is the coconut crab, Birgus latro, which is the largest terrestrial arthropod in the world. Unlike other hermit crabs, adult coconut crabs do not typically use borrowed shells. Instead, they develop a hardened exoskeleton on their abdomen as they mature, allowing them to forgo the need for shell protection. Other genera within Coenobitidae include Coenobita, which are smaller and do continue to use shells throughout their lives. These crabs are found in tropical and subtropical coastal regions worldwide. Their diet is omnivorous, consisting of fruits, nuts, insects, and carrion. The Coenobitidae play a role in their ecosystems as scavengers.