CochlearImplantaten

Cochlear implants are electronic medical devices that partially or completely replace the function of the damaged inner ear. Unlike hearing aids, which amplify sound, cochlear implants bypass damaged parts of the ear and directly stimulate the auditory nerve. This allows individuals with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss to receive sound signals.

The device consists of two main parts: an external component and an internal component. The external component includes a microphone, a speech processor, and a transmitter. The microphone picks up sound, and the speech processor converts these sounds into digital signals. The transmitter then sends these signals to the internal component. The internal component, surgically implanted under the skin behind the ear, includes a receiver and an electrode array. The receiver picks up the signals from the transmitter and converts them into electrical impulses. These impulses are sent down the electrode array, which is inserted into the cochlea, the spiral-shaped cavity of the inner ear. The electrodes then stimulate the auditory nerve fibers, which send signals to the brain, where they are interpreted as sound.

Cochlear implant surgery is typically performed under general anesthesia. The internal device is implanted, and the electrode array is carefully threaded into the cochlea. After a healing period, the external components are fitted and activated. Rehabilitation and auditory training are crucial for users to learn to interpret the new sound signals and maximize the benefits of the implant. Cochlear implants can significantly improve speech understanding and the ability to communicate for individuals with severe hearing loss.