Coceiras

Coceiras is the plural form of coceira, a Portuguese term for the itchy sensation that prompts scratching. In medical language, this sensation is referred to as pruritus and can be localized to a small area or generalized across large skin regions. Coceiras may occur alone or as part of a broader dermatological or systemic condition, and they can vary in intensity from mild to severe.

Common causes include dermatological disorders such as atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, psoriasis, and urticaria; infestations like scabies; infections including fungal infections; and environmental factors such as dry skin (xerosis). Systemic diseases can also produce pruritus, including cholestasis and liver disease, chronic kidney disease, iron deficiency, thyroid disorders, diabetes, and certain malignancies. Medications and pregnancy can also be associated with itching. In some cases, the cause remains unclear (idiopathic pruritus) or has a neuropathic component.

Diagnosis relies on history and physical examination, with attention to distribution, associated symptoms, and potential triggers. When appropriate, clinicians may use skin scrapings, cultures, allergy tests, blood tests (liver and kidney function, thyroid tests, iron studies), or imaging to identify an underlying condition. In persistent or unexplained cases, referral to a specialist may be necessary.

Treatment targets the underlying cause and may include general measures such as regular moisturization, avoiding irritants, and cooling measures to reduce scratching. Pharmacologic options include topical corticosteroids or calcineurin inhibitors for inflammation, and oral antihistamines or other antipruritics for itch. Specific treatments address identified conditions (antifungals for fungal infections, scabies therapy, management of systemic diseases).