Coaters

Coaters are equipment, processes, and facilities that apply protective or functional films to a substrate. Coatings can be liquids such as paints and varnishes, powders applied electrostatically, or thin films deposited by vapor processes. The resulting film modifies surface properties such as corrosion and wear resistance, electrical insulation, or appearance.

Common coating methods include liquid coating (brushing, rolling, spraying, dipping, curtain- and knife-coating), powder coating (electrostatic application followed by curing), and deposition techniques such as electroplating, electrocoat, and vapor deposition. Substrates include metals, wood, plastics, and ceramics, with surface preparation like cleaning, degreasing, sanding, or blasting to improve adhesion.

Process steps typically involve surface preparation, priming, application, and curing or drying at defined temperatures and times. Thickness control and uniformity are important; defects such as runs, sags, orange peel, or pinholes can reduce performance.

Performance depends on formulation and application, including adhesion, hardness, flexibility, chemical and UV resistance, and abrasion resistance. Selection of coating systems is guided by service conditions, regulatory requirements, and sustainability goals. Standards from ASTM and ISO assess properties like adhesion (ASTM D3359), corrosion resistance (ASTM B117), and dry film thickness.

Equipment used by coaters includes spray booths and guns, electrostatic or air-assisted applicators, conveyors and ovens, and sometimes robotic coating systems. Powder and some waterborne coatings minimize solvent emissions; safety and environmental regulations apply across industries.