Civilní

Civilní is a Czech adjective meaning civil, civilian, or related to non-military civilian life. It is used to distinguish civilian or private spheres from military or state institutions. The term appears in terminology across law, administration, aviation, and defense, among others. For example, civilní letadla refers to aircraft operated by civilian airlines rather than the military, civilní obrana denotes civilian defense, and civilní právo means civil law. In everyday language, civilní can describe processes, services, or facilities intended for the general public rather than for military use.

Etymology and form: civilní derives from Latin civilis and was transmitted into Czech through historical contact with Western European languages. It follows standard Czech adjective formation with inflection according to gender, number, and case (civilní, civilního, civilnímu, civilní, civilním, civilním, etc.). The word commonly appears in fixed phrases and compound terms.

Common domains and contrasts: civilní právo (civil law) contrasts with vojenské právo (military law) or veřejné právo (public law). Civilní služba (civil service) refers to non-military government or public-sector employment, while civilní ochrana (civil protection) concerns civilian safety and disaster response. The opposite of civilní is typically vojenský (military) or state-military contexts, though the exact pairing depends on the domain.

Notes: In Czech, civilní functions as an adjective and does not stand alone as a noun. It forms adjectival phrases modifiying nouns and is widely understood in formal and technical Czech discourse, aligning with similar terms in other European languages that denote civilian or non-military aspects.