Citrophthora

Citrophthora is a genus of fungi in the family Peronosporaceae, which includes several plant pathogens. The genus was first described by the French mycologist Jean Baptiste Desmazières in 1851. Citrophthora species are known for their ability to cause root and crown rot in a variety of plants, including citrus, avocado, and other tropical and subtropical crops. The most well-known species is Citrophthora paradoxa, which is responsible for the disease known as citrus root rot.

Citrophthora species are oomycetes, which are a group of fungi-like organisms that are more closely related to animals than to true fungi. They are characterized by their lack of chitin in their cell walls and their ability to produce zoospores, which are motile spores that can swim and infect new hosts. Citrophthora species are typically found in warm, humid environments and can survive in soil for extended periods.

The symptoms of Citrophthora infection vary depending on the host plant and the specific species of Citrophthora involved. In citrus, for example, the disease can cause stunted growth, yellowing of leaves, and eventual death of the plant. In avocado, the disease can cause root rot, which can lead to wilting and death of the plant.

Control of Citrophthora species typically involves cultural practices such as crop rotation, removal of infected plants, and proper sanitation. Chemical control measures may also be used, but these should be used with caution due to the potential for environmental impact and the development of resistance in the pathogen. Research is ongoing to develop more effective and environmentally friendly control measures for Citrophthora species.