Chloralkalický

Chloralkalický is a term that refers to the chlor-alkali process, a major industrial method for producing chlorine and alkali (sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide). This electrochemical process uses electrolysis to split brine, an aqueous solution of sodium chloride (NaCl) or potassium chloride (KCl), into its constituent elements and compounds.

The primary product of the chlor-alkali process is chlorine gas (Cl₂), a highly reactive element crucial for numerous industrial applications, including the production of plastics (like PVC), solvents, and disinfectants. Another key product is sodium hydroxide (NaOH), commonly known as caustic soda, which is a strong base used extensively in the paper and pulp industry, soap and detergent manufacturing, and aluminum production. If potassium chloride is used as the feedstock, potassium hydroxide (KOH) is produced instead of sodium hydroxide, which finds applications in fertilizers and batteries.

Hydrogen gas (H₂) is also a byproduct of the chlor-alkali process. While historically sometimes vented, it is increasingly captured and utilized as a clean fuel source or as a reactant in other chemical syntheses, such as the production of ammonia. The specific method employed for electrolysis – diaphragm, mercury cell, or membrane cell – influences the purity of the products and the overall energy efficiency of the process. The membrane cell process is generally considered the most environmentally friendly and energy-efficient method currently in widespread use.