Chhayavaad

Chhayavaad, also known as Chhayavad or Chhayavada, was a prominent literary movement in Hindi poetry that flourished in the early 20th century, roughly from 1918 to 1938. It marked a significant departure from the prevailing didactic and socially conscious poetry of the preceding era, often referred to as the Dwivedi Yug.

The term "Chhayavaad" itself is derived from the Hindi word "chhaya," meaning shadow or shade. This suggests a focus on introspection, emotional depth, and a certain elusive quality in its expression. Poets associated with this movement often explored themes of nature, love, beauty, and spirituality, often with a subjective and individualistic perspective. There was a strong emphasis on lyrical expression and the use of symbolism and imagery to convey complex emotions and experiences.

Key figures of the Chhayavaad era include Jaishankar Prasad, Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala', Sumitranandan Pant, and Mahadevi Verma. Their works are characterized by a rich use of language, a deep engagement with the romantic sensibility, and a questioning of traditional norms and values. While often seen as a romantic movement, Chhayavaad also incorporated elements of humanism and a subtle critique of societal constraints. It paved the way for modern Hindi poetry, influencing subsequent literary developments and leaving an indelible mark on Indian literature.