Cherkess

Cherkess is a term that can refer to several related concepts, primarily concerning a specific ethnic group and the region they inhabit. The Cherkess, also known as Circassians, are a Northwest Caucasian ethnic group indigenous to the historical region of Circassia, which encompasses parts of modern-day Krasnodar Krai and Adygea in southwestern Russia. They are known for their distinct language, culture, and history.

Historically, the Cherkess were organized into numerous principalities and tribes. They played a significant role in the region's history, often resisting Russian expansion. The 19th century saw a major historical upheaval with the Caucasian War, leading to the mass displacement of many Cherkess people, with a significant portion emigrating to the Ottoman Empire and other parts of the Middle East. Today, Cherkess communities exist not only in Russia but also in countries like Turkey, Jordan, Syria, and Israel.

The Cherkess language belongs to the Northwest Caucasian language family. Culturally, they have traditions in music, dance, oral poetry, and a rich history of craftsmanship. The Adyghes are the largest subgroup of the Cherkess people, and the Republic of Adygea is a federal subject of Russia where they are the titular nation. The term "Cherkess" itself is of Turkic origin and was historically applied by outsiders to various Caucasian peoples, but it is most commonly associated with the Adyghe and related groups today.