Adyghes

Adyghes, also known as the Adyghe people or Circassians, are a Northwest Caucasian ethnic group native to the Caucasus region. They traditionally inhabit the historic land of Circassia, which encompasses parts of present-day Russia and Georgia. The Adyghe language belongs to the Adyghe branch of the Northwest Caucasian language family. Historically, they were known for their equestrian skills and warrior traditions.

The Adyghes are composed of several distinct tribes, each with its own dialect and cultural nuances, though they share a common Adyghe identity. Historically, their social structure was based on a feudal system with a nobility, clergy, free warriors, and serfs. Islam is the predominant religion among the Adyghes, although a minority adheres to Orthodox Christianity.

Due to historical conflicts and expulsions, particularly during the Russo-Circassian War in the 19th century, a significant Adyghe diaspora exists today, with large communities in Turkey, Jordan, Syria, and other countries. Despite the diaspora, efforts are made to preserve their language, culture, and traditions. The Adyghe Republic is a federal subject of Russia that bears the name of the people.