CesB

CesB, or *C/EBP beta* (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta), is a transcription factor belonging to the C/EBP family of basic leucine zipper (bZIP) proteins. It plays a critical role in regulating gene expression during cellular differentiation, inflammation, and metabolic processes. The protein is encoded by the *CEBPB* gene in humans, located on chromosome 19q13.1.

CesB exists in multiple isoforms, including full-length (p42) and truncated (p38) forms, which arise from alternative splicing and post-translational modifications. These isoforms exhibit distinct functions, with p38 often acting as a dominant-negative regulator by competing with p42 for DNA binding sites. The protein binds to specific DNA sequences in the promoter regions of target genes, influencing their transcription in response to cellular signals.

CesB is involved in various physiological and pathological processes. In hematopoiesis, it regulates the differentiation of myeloid cells, including neutrophils and macrophages. During inflammation, it modulates the expression of cytokines and chemokines, contributing to immune responses. Additionally, CesB plays a role in lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, and tissue regeneration.

Dysregulation of CesB has been linked to diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and inflammatory disorders. For example, elevated levels of CesB have been observed in certain types of leukemia, where it may promote tumor progression. Conversely, its loss or dysfunction can impair tissue repair and immune function.

Research on CesB continues to explore its potential as a therapeutic target. Understanding its regulatory mechanisms and interactions with other proteins may provide insights into developing treatments for metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Studies also investigate its role in stem cell biology and regenerative medicine, highlighting its broader significance in cellular biology.