Censer

A censer is a vessel used for burning incense to produce fragrant smoke during religious and spiritual ceremonies. In Western Christianity, the term thurible refers to the hanging censer carried on chains during processions and liturgy; handheld versions are common in other traditions.

Most censers are made of metal such as brass, bronze, or silver, and occasionally ceramic. They typically consist of a bowl or chamber to hold hot coals and incense, a perforated lid or vented sides to release the smoke, and a suspension system—usually a chain and ring or a handle. Some censers are portable and used on an altar, while others are fixed on stands or placed on a brazier.

Incense materials vary by tradition and may include frankincense, myrrh, sandalwood, and other resins, woods, or powders. The rising smoke is often interpreted symbolically, representing prayers ascending, purification, or sanctification. Censer usage is common in Christian liturgy (Catholic, Orthodox, Anglican), Buddhism and Hinduism, and in various East Asian and Middle Eastern ritual contexts.

Historically, censers appear in ancient Near Eastern and Mediterranean worship and spread with the Christian church in the medieval period, later becoming integral in East Asian and South Asian rituals as well. In addition to religious use, censers or censer-like vessels have ceremonial or ceremonial-art roles in museums and cultural contexts.

Safety considerations include handling hot coals, ensuring adequate ventilation, and properly extinguishing embers to prevent burns or fires.