Cementoma

Cementoma is a rare, benign tumor that arises from the cementum, a calcified tissue that covers the root surface of teeth. It is typically found in the posterior regions of the jaw, particularly in the mandible. Cementomas are often asymptomatic and are usually discovered incidentally during dental or radiological examinations.

The exact cause of cementoma is not well understood, but it is believed to be related to the abnormal mineralization of cementoblasts, the cells responsible for cementum formation. These tumors are usually small, ranging from a few millimeters to a few centimeters in diameter, and are well-circumscribed with a smooth surface.

Cementomas are typically radiographically visible as well-defined, round or oval radiopaque lesions. They can be classified into two main types based on their radiographic appearance: cementoblastoma, which has a well-defined sclerotic border, and cemento-ossifying fibroma, which has a less well-defined border and may show areas of radiolucency.

Treatment for cementoma is usually not necessary unless the tumor causes symptoms such as pain, swelling, or interference with dental function. In such cases, surgical removal may be recommended. However, due to their benign nature and slow growth rate, many cementomas are left untreated. Regular dental check-ups are important for monitoring the size and growth of these tumors.