Casetutkimus

Casetutkimus, or case study research, is a methodological approach that emphasizes in-depth analysis of a single case or a small number of cases within their real-life context. It is used to explore complex phenomena where the boundaries between the phenomenon and its context are not clearly defined, and to generate detailed understanding, hypotheses, or theory.

Design and scope: The design can be single-case or multiple-case (collective) case studies. Cases are selected to illuminate an issue or to test a theory. Case studies can be intrinsic when the focus is on understanding the particular case, instrumental when the case serves to understand a broader issue, or a combined approach.

Data collection and analysis: Casetutkimus relies on multiple data sources—interviews, observations, documents, and archival data—to enable triangulation. Analysis often proceeds through within-case analysis followed by cross-case comparison, with findings presented as thick description and linked to a theoretical framework.

Strengths and limitations: The method offers deep, contextual insight, hypothesis generation, and potential for theory development. It may face criticisms regarding generalizability and potential bias. Rigorous design, transparency, and clear reporting are essential to address these limitations.

Ethics and reporting: Researchers must obtain informed consent, protect privacy, and handle sensitive information. Reports should provide enough contextual detail to allow readers to judge transferability and to assess the evidential support of conclusions. Good practice includes an audit trail and explicit limitations.