Carcharocles

Carcharocles is an extinct genus of mackerel shark that lived from the early Oligocene to the Pliocene epochs. It is best known for containing the species Carcharocles megalodon, the largest shark known to have ever lived. The genus is characterized by large, serrated teeth, which are often found as fossils.

The taxonomic classification of Carcharocles has been a subject of debate among paleontologists. Historically, it was placed within the family Lamnidae, which includes modern mackerel sharks like the great white shark. However, more recent phylogenetic analyses, based on dental morphology and molecular data, suggest a closer relationship with the otodontid sharks. This has led some researchers to propose that Carcharocles should be placed in its own family, Carcharocidae, or within Otodontidae.

Fossil evidence of Carcharocles is primarily based on its massive teeth, which could reach over 18 centimeters (7 inches) in length. These teeth are broad, triangular, and possess fine serrations along their edges, adapted for slicing through the flesh of large marine prey. Remains of Carcharocles have been found in marine sediments worldwide, indicating a cosmopolitan distribution. The diet of Carcharocles likely included large marine animals such as whales, seals, and other sharks. The exact reasons for its extinction are not fully understood but may be related to changes in ocean temperatures, prey availability, and competition with other predators.