CYP450enzimrendszer

The CYP450 enzyme system, also known as cytochrome P450, is a superfamily of monooxygenase enzymes found in all domains of life. In humans and other mammals, these enzymes are primarily located in the liver, although they are also present in other tissues like the intestines, lungs, and kidneys. The primary role of CYP450 enzymes is to metabolize a wide range of endogenous compounds, such as steroids and fatty acids, as well as exogenous substances, including drugs, toxins, and environmental pollutants.

This metabolic process typically involves the addition of an oxygen atom to the substrate, often making it more water-soluble and thus easier for the body to excrete. This detoxification function is crucial for maintaining homeostasis and protecting the body from harmful substances. However, CYP450 enzymes can also activate some compounds into more toxic or carcinogenic forms.

The CYP450 system plays a critical role in pharmacology because it is responsible for the metabolism of a vast majority of clinically used drugs. Variations in CYP450 gene expression and activity among individuals, due to genetic polymorphisms or environmental factors, can lead to significant differences in drug response, including efficacy and the occurrence of adverse drug reactions. Understanding CYP450 activity is therefore essential for personalized medicine and optimizing drug therapy.