CTLA4Igabatacept

CTLA4Igabatacept is a biologic medication used to treat various autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. It is a fusion protein that combines the extracellular domain of CTLA4 (Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4) with the Fc portion of human IgG1, and the intracellular domain of CD28. CTLA4 is a protein found on the surface of T cells that helps regulate their activity, while CD28 is another protein that enhances T cell activation.

CTLA4Igabatacept works by inhibiting the activity of T cells, which are a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the immune system. By binding to CD28, CTLA4Igabatacept prevents T cells from being fully activated, thereby reducing their ability to attack healthy tissues in the body. This makes it useful in treating autoimmune diseases, where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues.

The medication is typically administered intravenously, usually every 2 weeks. It is important to note that CTLA4Igabatacept should be used under medical supervision due to the risk of serious infections, particularly in patients with a history of infections or those receiving other immunosuppressive medications.

Common side effects of CTLA4Igabatacept include injection site reactions, headache, fatigue, and nausea. More serious side effects can include infections, such as pneumonia or sepsis, and in rare cases, cancer. Patients should report any unusual symptoms to their healthcare provider.

CTLA4Igabatacept is not approved for use in children. Its long-term effects and safety in pregnant women are not well established, so it is generally not recommended for use during pregnancy.