COmolekyler

Co-molekyler, also known as coenzymes, are organic non-protein molecules that bind to enzymes and are essential for their catalytic activity. They do not act as enzymes themselves but rather assist enzymes in carrying out chemical reactions. Many co-molekyler are derived from vitamins, highlighting the importance of dietary intake for various metabolic processes.

These molecules can be broadly categorized into two types: prosthetic groups and cosubstrates. Prosthetic groups are tightly bound to the enzyme, often covalently, and remain associated with it throughout the catalytic cycle. Cosubstrates, on the other hand, are more loosely associated and bind to the enzyme only during the specific reaction they facilitate, often being released after the reaction is complete.

Co-molekyler play crucial roles in a wide array of biochemical pathways. For example, NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide) are vital co-molekyler involved in redox reactions, transferring electrons during cellular respiration and photosynthesis. Another important example is coenzyme A (CoA), which is essential for the metabolism of fatty acids and carbohydrates, as well as for the synthesis of cholesterol and neurotransmitters. The proper functioning of countless enzymes in the body depends on the availability and correct interaction with their corresponding co-molekyler.