CNSoksygenförgiftning

CNSoksygenförgiftning, also known as central nervous system oxygen toxicity, is a condition that can occur when breathing pure oxygen at high partial pressures for prolonged periods. This phenomenon is primarily observed in diving and hyperbaric medicine contexts. The exact mechanisms are not fully understood but are believed to involve the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within the central nervous system. These ROS can lead to cellular damage, inflammation, and disruption of normal neuronal function.

Symptoms of CNS oxygen toxicity can vary in severity and onset time. Early signs may include visual disturbances such as tunnel vision or seeing shimmering lights, auditory problems like ringing in the ears, and nausea. As the condition progresses, more severe neurological symptoms can manifest, including muscle twitching (especially around the face and lips), dizziness, irritability, and disorientation. In extreme cases, seizures can occur, which are particularly dangerous in a diving environment as they can lead to drowning.

The risk of developing CNS oxygen toxicity is directly related to the partial pressure of oxygen and the duration of exposure. Higher partial pressures and longer dive times increase the likelihood and severity of the condition. Prevention strategies involve adhering to safe diving practices, including limiting the depth and duration of dives when breathing enriched air or pure oxygen, and implementing decompression stops. Divers are trained to recognize the early symptoms and to abort their dive immediately if any signs appear. Treatment typically involves discontinuing oxygen administration and managing symptoms, with seizures requiring immediate medical attention.