CMOSpiireihin

CMOSpiireihin, also known as CMOS circuits, are a type of semiconductor integrated circuit that uses complementary pairs of p-type and n-type metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) to perform digital functions. This complementary arrangement allows CMOS circuits to have very low static power consumption, meaning they draw minimal power when not actively switching states. This low power characteristic has made CMOS technology the dominant technology for microprocessors, microcontrollers, and memory chips in a wide range of electronic devices, including computers, smartphones, and embedded systems.

The fundamental building block of CMOS logic is the CMOS inverter, which uses one p-type and one n-type MOSFET. When the input is low, the n-type transistor is off and the p-type transistor is on, pulling the output high. When the input is high, the n-type transistor is on and the p-type transistor is off, pulling the output low. This push-pull action, with one transistor always off when the other is on, is key to the low power consumption. Other logic gates like NAND and NOR gates are constructed by combining these basic inverter principles with additional transistors. The scalability and efficiency of CMOS fabrication processes have also contributed significantly to its widespread adoption and the continuous miniaturization of electronic components.