CIPPmalli

CIPPmalli, also known as the CIPP model, is a framework for evaluating programs and projects. Developed by Daniel L. Stufflebeam in the 1960s, it provides a comprehensive structure for assessing a program before, during, and after implementation.

Context evaluation examines the needs, problems, opportunities, and the environment in which a program operates. It helps define objectives, priorities, and the justification for the program, and informs decisions about whether to proceed or adapt.

Input evaluation reviews the plan, strategy, and resources available for implementation, including finances, personnel, materials, and timelines. It assesses feasibility, risk, and alignment with context objectives, and may compare alternative designs.

Process evaluation monitors how a program is implemented, including fidelity to the plan, reach, intensity, and efficiency. It identifies deviations, bottlenecks, and adaptations, providing feedback to improve implementation.

Product evaluation (outcome or impact evaluation) assesses results, including intended and unintended effects, quality of outcomes, and sustainability. It judges merit, worth, or value of the program and informs decisions about continuation, expansion, modification, or termination.

The CIPP model emphasizes decision-oriented evaluation. Evaluators collect data from multiple sources to inform stakeholders and support formative use for improvement as well as summative judgments about value.

Uses and limitations: It is widely used in education and the public sector; its strength is comprehensive coverage across the program cycle, but it can be resource-intensive and complex; success depends on clear criteria and stakeholder involvement.

History: Origin in the 1960s by Stufflebeam; it has influenced evaluation practice and the use of structured evaluation frameworks.