CHCl2Br

Bromodichloromethane, with the formula CHBrCl2, is a halomethane derived from methane by substitution of three hydrogen atoms with two chlorine atoms and one bromine. It is commonly referred to as bromodichloromethane (BDCM) and is one of the four major trihalomethanes formed during chlorination of natural organic matter in water.

Occurrence and production

BDCM forms unintentionally in drinking water when chlorine-based disinfectants react with natural organic matter and bromide present in the source water. It can also be prepared synthetically for laboratory research or industrial uses, but its prominence is mainly as a disinfection byproduct rather than a primary industrial chemical.

Properties

BDCM is typically a colorless, volatile liquid at room temperature with limited solubility in water and a density greater than that of water. It is soluble in many organic solvents and is more soluble in organic phases than in the aqueous phase. As a halomethane, it is relatively reactive with strong oxidizers and may undergo hydrolysis under certain conditions.

Safety and environmental considerations

BDCM is toxic and is evaluated as a possible carcinogen in some regulatory frameworks; exposure can occur through drinking water, inhalation, or dermal contact. Health concerns include effects on the nervous system, liver, and kidneys. In water treatment and environmental contexts, it is monitored as part of disinfection byproduct controls. Environmentally, it can volatilize from water and persist in air or surface environments to some extent, necessitating appropriate handling and containment in industrial settings.

Applications

In addition to its occurrence as a byproduct, BDCM is used in small-scale laboratory settings as a reagent and intermediate in organic synthesis, though its handling requires appropriate safety precautions due to toxicity and environmental considerations.