CH3CH23COOH

CH3CH23COOH, more commonly known as butyric acid, is a saturated fatty acid with the chemical formula C4H8O2. It is a colorless oily liquid at room temperature with a strong, unpleasant odor. The name "butyric acid" is derived from the Latin word "butyrum," meaning butter, as it is one of the components responsible for the characteristic smell and taste of rancid butter.

Butyric acid is produced naturally by the anaerobic fermentation of carbohydrates, particularly by the bacterium Clostridium butyricum. It is also found in animal fats and dairy products, including cheese and human breast milk. In the human body, butyric acid is a major energy source for the cells of the colon and plays a role in gut health. It is believed to have anti-inflammatory properties and may contribute to the integrity of the intestinal barrier.

Industrially, butyric acid is synthesized through various chemical processes, often involving the oxidation of butanal. It is used in the production of esters, which are employed as flavoring agents and fragrances, particularly in artificial butter and fruit flavors. It also finds applications in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, herbicides, and other chemicals. Due to its strong odor, its handling and transportation require careful consideration. Its derivatives, such as sodium butyrate and calcium butyrate, are sometimes used as feed additives for livestock to improve gut health and growth performance.