CH2ClO

CH2ClO, or chloral, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C2HCl3O. It is a colorless, oily liquid with a sweet, aromatic odor, often described as similar to that of bitter almonds. Chloral was first synthesized in 1832 by the German chemist Justus von Liebig, though its properties were not fully characterized until later. It is derived from acetaldehyde through chlorination, a process that replaces hydrogen atoms with chlorine.

Chloral is primarily used as a precursor in the production of chloral hydrate (C2H3Cl3O2), a sedative and hypnotic agent historically employed in medicine. Chloral hydrate was once a common ingredient in over-the-counter sleep aids and was also used in veterinary medicine. Due to its potential for abuse and adverse effects, its use has declined significantly in modern medicine.

In industrial applications, chloral serves as a solvent and intermediate in the synthesis of various chemicals, including pesticides and pharmaceuticals. It is also used in the production of certain dyes and perfumes. However, its handling requires caution due to its flammability and potential toxicity, including irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract.

Chloral is classified as a hazardous substance, and exposure should be minimized through proper ventilation and protective equipment. It is soluble in organic solvents but poorly soluble in water. The compound decomposes upon heating or in the presence of strong bases, releasing toxic fumes.

Environmental concerns regarding chloral include its persistence and potential bioaccumulation, though its use has been restricted in many applications due to regulatory measures. Proper disposal methods, such as incineration or chemical neutralization, are recommended to mitigate environmental risks.