CD212

CD212, also known as the interleukin-12 receptor beta 2 (IL-12RB2) or IL-12 receptor beta-2 subunit, is a protein that plays a crucial role in the immune system. It is a transmembrane receptor component that binds to interleukin-12 (IL-12), a cytokine essential for T-cell differentiation and immune responses. CD212 is primarily expressed on activated T helper cells, particularly Th1 cells, and also on natural killer (NK) cells.

The formation of a functional IL-12 receptor requires the association of CD212 with another receptor subunit, CD211 (IL-12Rβ1). Upon binding of IL-12 to this heterodimeric receptor complex, intracellular signaling pathways are initiated, leading to the activation of STAT4. This activation is critical for promoting the differentiation of naive T cells into Th1 cells, which are important for cell-mediated immunity against intracellular pathogens. CD212 also contributes to the proliferation and survival of Th1 and NK cells, enhancing their cytotoxic activity.

The role of CD212 extends beyond Th1 cell development. It is implicated in regulating the production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), a key cytokine produced by Th1 and NK cells, further bolstering immune responses. Dysregulation or absence of CD212 can impair effective immunity and has been associated with susceptibility to certain infections. Research into CD212 continues to explore its potential as a therapeutic target for immune-related diseases, including autoimmune disorders and certain cancers.