C2H5CN

C2H5CN, commonly known as propionitrile or propanenitrile, is an organic nitrile with the molecular formula C3H5N. It consists of a nitrile group (-CN) attached to an ethyl group, giving the structure CH3-CH2-CN. It is a colorless liquid at room temperature that is flammable and has a faint, characteristic odor.

Industrially, propionitrile is produced mainly by the hydrocyanation of propylene, forming the nitrile which is then purified for use. It can also appear as a byproduct in processes involving nitrile manufacture. The compound is reactive as a nitrile and serves as a versatile synthetic building block in organic chemistry.

Propionitrile is typically described as moderately polar, with limited water solubility compared with some smaller nitriles, and it is miscible with many organic solvents. Its boiling point is relatively high for a small nitrile, on the order of about 90–100°C, reflecting its molecular interactions. It is used as a solvent and as an intermediate in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, fragrances, and various plastics and polymers. It can be hydrogenated to propylamines or transformed into carboxylic acid derivatives through hydrolysis or other functional-group interconversions.

Safety and handling: propionitrile is toxic and can be irritating to skin, eyes, and the respiratory tract. Like other nitriles, it may release hydrogen cyanide under certain metabolic or degradative conditions. Appropriate engineering controls, personal protective equipment, and good ventilation are advised when handling the chemical. It should be stored in a cool, well-ventilated area in tightly closed containers away from heat and sources of ignition.