Cüzzam

Cüzzam, also known as leprosy, is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. It primarily affects the skin, nerves, and mucous membranes. The disease is characterized by skin lesions, numbness, and loss of sensation in the affected areas. Cüzzam is transmitted through direct contact with the skin or mucous membranes of an infected person. It is most prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, particularly in countries with high poverty rates.

The disease has a long history, with evidence of its existence dating back to ancient times. In the Middle Ages, it was often referred to as "the king's evil" due to its association with royalty. The term "leprosy" comes from the Greek word "lepra," which means "to be disfigured."

Cüzzam can be classified into two main types: tuberculoid and lepromatous. Tuberculoid leprosy is characterized by firm, raised lesions and is less likely to cause nerve damage. Lepromatous leprosy, on the other hand, is marked by soft, flat lesions and is more likely to cause nerve damage and disfigurement. The disease can also be classified based on the degree of nerve involvement: borderline, indeterminate, and mid-borderline.

Treatment for cüzzam typically involves a combination of antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for preventing nerve damage and disfigurement. Vaccination is not available for cüzzam, but research is ongoing to develop a vaccine. The World Health Organization (WHO) has made significant strides in reducing the global burden of cüzzam through its Global Leprosy Programme.