Butanone

Butanone, also known as 2-butanone or methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), is a simple aliphatic ketone with the chemical formula C4H8O. Its IUPAC name is butan-2-one. It is a colorless, volatile liquid with a characteristic odor and moderate polarity, making it a versatile solvent in many industrial and laboratory applications.

Physical properties of butanone include a boiling point around 80 °C and a density near 0.805 g/mL at 20 °C. It is miscible with many organic solvents and is only partially miscible with water. The compound is flammable and releases vapors that can form explosive mixtures with air under certain conditions.

Industrial production of butanone is primarily by oxidation of sec-butanol (2-butanol) or related oxidation routes that convert secondary alcohols to ketones. It is produced in large quantities for use as a solvent and as an intermediate in chemical synthesis.

Common applications of butanone include its use as a solvent for coatings, paints, inks, adhesives, waxes, and cleaning formulations. It is valued for its ability to dissolve a wide range of organic materials and its relatively fast evaporation. Butanone also serves as an intermediate in the production of methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP), a polymerization initiator used in certain resins and plastics.

Safety and handling considerations are important due to its flammability and potential health effects. Vapors can pose fire and explosion hazards, and exposure may irritate the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract, with higher concentrations causing central nervous system effects. Adequate ventilation, proper storage in tightly closed containers, and the use of personal protective equipment are recommended in occupational settings.