Bundesrat

Bundesrat is a German term used for several federal bodies in German-speaking countries. It commonly refers to the national-level councils that represent member states in different political systems.

In Germany, the Bundesrat is the Federal Council, representing the sixteen Länder (states) at the national level. Delegates from the state governments meet to participate in the federal legislative process. Each state has a fixed number of votes, ranging from three to six, for a total of 69. The council’s consent is required for most federal legislation; some measures demand a two-thirds majority of the council. Constitutional amendments require the approval of both the Bundesrat and the Bundestag, with a two-thirds majority in both houses. The presidency rotates annually among the Länder’ ministers-presidents and is largely a ceremonial role.

In Austria, the Bundesrat is the Federal Council, the upper chamber of Parliament representing the nine states. It comprises 61 members appointed by the Landtage (state legislatures). It participates in the legislative process and can delay or block most federal laws; its consent is required for constitutional amendments and for legislation affecting the states.

In Switzerland, the Bundesrat is the Federal Council, the seven-member executive branch that governs the country. Elected by the Federal Assembly for four-year terms, the seven councillors govern jointly as a collegial body. A rotating presidency is elected each year; the Bundesrat directs the federal administration and represents Switzerland internationally. Its decisions are typically made by consensus.