Buikregio

Buikregio is a term used in human anatomy to denote the anterior region of the trunk between the thorax and the pelvis, commonly referred to in English as the abdomen. It encompasses the abdominal cavity and the corresponding portions of the abdominal wall and is used in clinical and anatomical descriptions to locate organs, vessels and areas of pain or pathology.

The boundaries of the buikregio are the diaphragmatic superior limit at the costal margins, the inferior pelvic inlet, and the lateral abdominal walls formed by the muscles and fascia. Clinically, the abdomen is often described using two common schemes: the four-quadrant system, created by a vertical midline and a horizontal line across the level of the umbilicus; and the nine-region system, defined by vertical lines at the midclavicular points and horizontal lines at the subcostal and intertubercular planes.

Contents and regional layout: the buikregio contains most of the digestive organs, including the stomach, liver, gallbladder, portions of the pancreas and intestines, and the spleen located in the left upper area. Retroperitoneal structures such as the kidneys and portions of the duodenum are closely associated with this region. The abdominal wall itself consists of layers of skin and subcutaneous tissue, followed by the muscular wall—external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, and the rectus abdominis with the linea alba.

Surface anatomy and landmarks: prominent features include the costal margins, the umbilicus, the iliac crests, and the pubic region. These landmarks aid in physical examination, imaging interpretation, and surgical planning.

Clinical relevance: the buikregio is central to the assessment of abdominal pain, distension, tenderness, and abnormal masses, guiding diagnostic and therapeutic decisions.