Brunnera

Brunnera is a genus of herbaceous perennials in the borage family (Boraginaceae), native to eastern Asia. The best-known species, Brunnera macrophylla, is widely grown as an ornamental for its large, heart-shaped, often velvety leaves and its spring flowers.

Description and range

Plants form low, clumping clumps with broad, heart-shaped leaves that can reach several inches in length. Leaves are typically green, sometimes with silver or variegated patterns in cultivated forms. In spring, slender flower stalks rise well above the foliage, carrying numerous small blue flowers reminiscent of forget-me-nots, often with a pale center.

Cultivation and care

Brunnera prefers partial shade to full shade and moist, well-drained soil rich in organic matter. It is hardy in many temperate zones (commonly USDA zones 3–8) and benefits from consistent moisture and protection from hot afternoon sun in warmer regions. The plant spreads by rhizomes and can form a dense ground cover over time. It can be propagated by division in spring or fall; seed is possible but less commonly used in cultivation.

Cultivars and usage

Numerous cultivars have been selected for foliage color and pattern. Popular examples include 'Jack Frost' with silvery, lightly patterned leaves, and 'Looking Glass' featuring bright silver foliage. There are variegated forms such as 'Variegata' with green leaves edged or splashed with white. Brunnera is widely used in woodland gardens, shaded borders, and as groundcover to provide year-round foliage and early-season color before summer drought.

Pests and problems

Slugs and snails can damage new growth. In humid conditions, powdery mildew may occur. Provide good air circulation and avoid excessive sun in hot climates to prevent leaf scorch.