Brittany

Brittany, or Bretagne in French and Breizh in Breton, is a region in the northwestern part of France. It consists of a peninsula projecting into the Atlantic Ocean and is bordered by the English Channel to the north and the Bay of Biscay to the west. The regional capital is Rennes, and the region comprises four departments: Côtes-d'Armor, Finistère, Ille-et-Vilaine, and Morbihan.

The coastline of Brittany is rugged, with long beaches, cliffs, and numerous islands such as Belle-Île, Ushant, and Groix. The climate is oceanic, with mild temperatures, abundant rainfall, and strong winds, especially along exposed coastlines. The region is characterized by a mix of coastal landscapes, low-lying interiors, and fishing towns.

Brittany developed as a distinct medieval duchy that maintained relative independence in the Middle Ages and joined the French crown in 1532 under the Edict of Union. The region preserves a strong regional identity reflected in language and culture. In the 20th century, Breton and Gallo traditions experienced revival and support, though French remains the official language.

Brittany is recognized for its Celtic heritage. The Breton language (Brezhoneg) and the Gallo language are traditional regional languages. Cultural expressions include folk music and dance (fest-noz), festivals, and distinctive arts and crafts. Cuisine emphasizes seafood, crepes and galettes, butter, and cider. Notable historic sites include the Carnac megaliths and medieval towns such as Saint-Malo, Vannes, and Quimper.

The region has an economy based on fishing and seafood processing, agriculture, and services, with tourism playing a major role. Major urban centers include Rennes, Brest, Quimper, Lorient, and Vannes. The population is around 3.3 million.