Brihadeeswarar

Brihadeeswarar Temple, also known as Periya Kovil, is a Hindu temple dedicated to the god Shiva, located in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India. It is one of the Great Living Chola Temples and is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site designation that recognizes the era’s monumental temple architecture and urban planning. The temple was commissioned by Rajaraja Chola I and completed in 1010 CE, reflecting the apex of early Chola architecture.

Architectural and artistic features include a massive vimana (tower) that rises to about 66 meters (216 feet) above the sanctum, making it one of the tallest temple towers in the world. The structure is built primarily of granite, with the inner sanctum housing the lingam of Shiva known as Brihadeeswarar. The exterior walls are adorned with intricate bas-reliefs depicting mythological and royal scenes. The temple complex also includes subsidiary shrines, a large Nandi statue, a circumambulatory pradakshina path, and a temple tank.

Cultural and historical significance stems from its demonstration of Chola innovations in temple design, sculpture, and administration. Inscriptions within the temple record royal grants, donations, and details of governance during the 10th and 11th centuries. Today, Brihadeeswarar remains an active place of worship and a major cultural landmark, illustrating the religious devotion and architectural prowess of the Chola period. It continues to attract researchers, historians, and visitors as part of the Great Living Chola Temples UNESCO designation.