Bremsekalipere

Bremsekalipere, or brake calipers, are a central component of disc brake systems found on many automobiles, motorcycles, and modern bicycles. They hold the brake pads and use hydraulic or mechanical force to press the pads against a rotating brake disc (rotor), creating friction that slows or stops motion.

Most car calipers are either floating (sliding) or fixed. Floating calipers move laterally on guide pins and squeeze the rotor as hydraulic pistons on one or both sides apply pressure. Fixed calipers are mounted rigidly and use pistons on opposite sides to clamp the rotor. Calipers may use single, dual, or multiple pistons, depending on braking power requirements and rotor size. In bicycles, disc brake calipers operate on similar principles but are typically lighter and designed for individual wheel standards.

Actuation is usually hydraulic, with brake fluid transmitting pressure from the master cylinder to the caliper pistons. Some systems use mechanical actuation, especially on non-automotive applications. When pressure rises, pistons push the pads onto the rotor, creating friction and converting kinetic energy into heat. The caliper housing, pistons, seals, and guide pins are designed to withstand high temperatures and resist wear and corrosion.

Materials vary; aluminum alloy calipers are common for weight savings, while cast iron or steel components may appear in some designs. Regular maintenance includes pad and rotor inspection, fluid replacement and bleeding, and lubrication of guide pins to prevent sticking or noise. Proper functioning calipers are essential for safe braking performance. See also disc brakes, brake pads, and brake fluid.