Brackvattenmiljö

Brackvattenmiljö refers to aquatic environments where freshwater from rivers and land mixes with saltwater from the sea. This transition zone results in a salinity level that is intermediate between pure freshwater and seawater, typically ranging from 0.5 to 30 parts per thousand (ppt). These ecosystems are highly dynamic, with salinity, temperature, and nutrient levels fluctuating depending on tidal cycles, river flow, and seasonal precipitation.

Brackish water habitats are found in various geographical locations, including estuaries, salt marshes, mangrove forests, and deltas. These environments are often characterized by unique physical features such as shallow waters, muddy or sandy substrates, and a rich vegetation adapted to fluctuating salinity. The tidal influence is a significant factor, bringing in saltwater and nutrients, and often exposing large areas of mudflats during low tide.

The biodiversity of brackish water environments is remarkably high. They support a specialized array of flora and fauna that can tolerate or thrive in the varying salinity conditions. Many species of fish, invertebrates like crabs and mollusks, and various bird species utilize these areas for breeding, feeding, and as migratory stopovers. These environments are crucial nurseries for many commercially important fish species.

Brackish water ecosystems provide essential ecological services. They act as natural filters, improving water quality by trapping sediments and pollutants. They also serve as important buffers against coastal erosion and storm surges. However, these sensitive habitats are often threatened by human activities such as pollution, habitat destruction due to development, dredging, and changes in freshwater inflow from upstream. Conservation efforts are vital to protect these valuable and unique environments.