BrCl

BrCl, or bromine monochloride, is an interhalogen compound with the formula BrCl. It is a diatomic molecule consisting of one bromine atom bonded to one chlorine atom. BrCl is highly reactive and serves as a source of halogenating and oxidizing reagents in chemical synthesis.

Preparation and structure: BrCl is typically prepared by the direct reaction of bromine with chlorine gas, often under photochemical or mild thermal conditions. The reaction can be represented as Br2 + Cl2 → 2 BrCl. BrCl is a relatively reactive, moisture-sensitive substance that can decompose or disproportionate in solution or upon heating.

Reactions and applications: In water BrCl hydrolyzes to give hydrochloric acid and hypobromous acid (BrCl + H2O → HCl + HOBr). It acts as an electrophilic halogenating agent, enabling introduction of bromine or chlorine into substrates; it is used for selective halogenation in organic synthesis and can function as a mild oxidant in certain contexts.

Safety and handling: BrCl is corrosive and toxic; it reacts with water and many organic materials. It is typically handled under well-ventilated fume hoods with appropriate protective equipment, and stored away from reducing agents and moisture. Because of its reactivity, BrCl is often generated in situ for laboratory or industrial use rather than stored.