Botuloloksiini

Botuloloksiini, commonly known as botulinum toxin, is a neurotoxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. It is one of the most potent toxins known. In its purified form, it is used medically and cosmetically for a variety of purposes.

The toxin works by blocking nerve activity in the muscles. It is injected into specific muscles to cause a temporary localized paralysis. This effect is responsible for its therapeutic and cosmetic applications. Medically, botulinum toxin is used to treat conditions characterized by muscle overactivity or spasms, such as blepharospasm (involuntary eyelid closure), strabismus (crossed eyes), cervical dystonia (neck muscle spasms), and excessive sweating. It can also be used to manage chronic migraines.

Cosmetically, botulinum toxin injections are widely used to reduce the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines, particularly those on the face. By relaxing the muscles responsible for these facial expressions, the overlying skin becomes smoother. Common treatment areas include the forehead, between the eyebrows, and around the eyes.

The effects of botulinum toxin injections are temporary, typically lasting for several months, after which the muscle function gradually returns. While generally safe when administered by trained professionals, potential side effects can include pain, swelling, or bruising at the injection site, as well as temporary drooping of nearby muscles. More serious side effects, though rare, can occur if the toxin spreads beyond the intended treatment area.