Bombay

Bombay is the former name of Mumbai, the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra, located on the west coast of India along the Arabian Sea. It is one of the world’s most populous urban agglomerations and serves as India's financial and commercial capital, with a metropolitan population around 20 million.

Geography and history: The city originated on seven islands that were gradually connected by land reclamation in the 18th and 19th centuries. In the 16th century it came under Portuguese control and was known as Bom Bahia. In 1661 it was ceded to Britain and renamed Bombay; it subsequently developed as a major port under the East India Company. In 1995 the state government adopted the name Mumbai to reflect Marathi heritage, though Bombay remains common in historical and cultural contexts.

Economy and culture: Mumbai is the financial and commercial hub of India. It hosts the Reserve Bank of India, the Bombay Stock Exchange, and numerous banks and corporations. The city is also the center of Indian film production, widely referred to as Bollywood. It has a diverse population, with Marathi and Hindi as major languages, and English widely used in business and education.

Landmarks and climate: Mumbai lies on the Konkan coast and has a tropical climate with a pronounced monsoon season. Notable landmarks include the Gateway of India, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus, and Marine Drive, as well as the Elephanta Caves. The city is served by the Mumbai Suburban Railway and a busy port, reflecting its longstanding role in trade and industry.