Bolognafolyamat

Bolognafolyamat, commonly referred to as the Bologna Process, is an intergovernmental initiative to harmonize higher education across Europe and to establish the European Higher Education Area (EHEA). It began with the Bologna Declaration in 1999, signed in Bologna by ministers of education and other stakeholders, with the goal of creating a coherent and comparable system by 2010 and continuing reforms afterward.

Key aims of the process include the introduction of a three‑cycle degree structure (bachelor, master, doctoral studies), the adoption of the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) to facilitate credit transfer, and the use of Diploma Supplements to provide standardized information about degrees. The process also promotes alignment of national qualifications with the European Qualifications Framework (EQF), as well as strengthened quality assurance and recognition of qualifications across borders. Mobility for students, graduates, and staff is encouraged to enhance cross‑border study and work opportunities.

Participation has grown to include a broad set of European countries and neighbors, organized under ministerial conferences and the Bologna Follow-Up Group (BFUG), operating on a voluntary, non‑binding basis. The Bologna Process has helped improve comparability of degrees, transparency, and mobility, contributing to the broader European Higher Education Area. Ongoing work focuses on implementing reforms consistently across countries, addressing disparities, and adapting toward evolving educational and labor market needs.